Style Sheet
Abbreviations – Archive references – Article references Use a full stop only if the last letter is not the last letter of the word: thus cols, Dr, St, nos, vols etc., but col., no., p., pp., vol. etc. See the examples below, under References to … Captions should be numbered and should be kept as brief as possible to allow maximum space for the illustrations. Examples: Footnotes should be numbered consecutively and their reference numbers in the text should be placed after any punctuation. They should be short and confined mainly to bibliographical references. Long footnotes should be avoided if possible. Please do use italics for titles of works of art, books and periodicals; and for very short phrases in languages other than English (one or two words only; example under Quotations). Do not italicise citations in foreign languages (which are normally used only in footnotes: see Quotations). Manuscript and archive references See the examples below, under References to … Personal names should be given as well as surnames at first mention (with a few obvious exceptions, e.g., Dante, Einstein, Freud, Luther, Newton, Petrarch, Shakespeare). In the text, numbers between one and one hundred (inclusive) should normally be written out in full, with arabic numerals used for higher denominations; thus ‘between ninety and 120 men’ etc. In articles containing statistical information, however, this rule is relaxed. In footnotes, arabic numerals should be used. See above, Numerals, and the examples given below under References to … Short quotations Long quotations Quotations in languages other than English should normally be given in translation in the text, with a footnote giving the original in full. Occasionally (e.g., in the case of poetry) it may be preferable to reverse this procedure. Please note that direct quotations from modern critical literature are discouraged, in line with this Journal’s general emphasis on primary sources. References to articles in periodicals Examples: From about 1800 onwards, initials rather than full forenames should be used for authors and editors. In all references, the place of publication should be cited using its customary English spelling and followed, without a comma, by the date of publication. Page numbers should be cited in accordance with the rules for numerals. The Journal does not use the abbreviations f. or ff. Book and chapter numbers, where relevant, should follow the conventions for classical works and be placed after page numbers, in round brackets. Examples: References to books of the Bible Books of the Bible are not italicised: e.g., II Chronicles 9.2; Matthew 26.8. Examples: References to authors’ own illustrations should be indicated as Fig. [1, 2, 3, … etc.]; references to illustrations published elsewhere should be pl. [number] or fig. [number] as appropriate, using lower-case letters. For information on supplying illustrations for publication, see the Illustrations section in our Notes for Contributors (click here). References to internet resources Wherever possible, references to material consulted through internet resources should be accompanied by standard references; e.g., where a manuscript or early printed book has been quoted, the appropriate full archive reference and folio number, or publication reference and page number, must be given in addition to the online reference. References to the resources themselves should be kept as brief as possible, and URLs* should be avoided, as they are subject to change. Example: Since texts and images which are published on the internet are liable to be edited or replaced over time, authors are asked to ensure that references to them are correct at the time the Journal goes to press. A note may be added to indicate this. In certain cases it may be necessary for authors to obtain copyright permission for texts available through internet resources; such citations should acknowledge this permission accordingly, although the Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes reserves the right to edit these citations to conform to its style. * URL (or URI): the address of a resource on the internet; world wide web URLs normally begin with "http://". References to manuscripts and documents Examples: Authors are asked to ensure that archive names and locations are given in full and that citations of press-mark or finding numbers follow the exact form used by the library or repository of archives concerned. For recto and verso, superscript r and v are helpful but not essential. Please note that the recto should always be indicated. See also below, Transcriptions. Example: Although bibliographical data must be spelt out in full in initial references, shortened forms of frequently-used names and titles may be used in subsequent footnotes, so long as the abbreviation to be adopted is previously indicated, e.g., ‘Dizionario biografico degli Italiani, Rome 1960– [hereafter DBI]’; ‘British Library (hereafter BL)’. If preferred, a list of such references may be provided in a first or asterisk footnote. Ibid. (not italicised) may be used for a repeated reference immediately following the first one, but subsequent references should include the footnote number, e.g., ‘Saxl (as in n. 28), p. 36’. Where there might be confusion between two works by the same author, a key word or short title should be added. Please use British, not American spellings except in direct quotations. Where unpublished material is cited verbatim from transcriptions, authors are asked to retain photocopies of the original documents so that any queries may be handled swiftly. Where documents are to be published in an Appendix, please indicate the transcription conventions which have been followed. Examples are available on request. Quotations in languages other than English should normally be translated or summarised in the text, with a footnote giving the original in full. See above, Numerals. |