The Optics of Ibn al-Haytham Books IV–V

Ibn al-Haytham (c.965–c.1040) is perhaps the greatest mathematician and physicist of the medieval Arabic/Islamic world. His reputation is based not only on the vast amount of material he was able to process, but also on his rigorous scientific methodology. The most famous book in which he applies his scientific method is his Optics (in Arabic: Kitāb al-manāẓir) in which he deals with both the mathematics of rays of light and the physical aspects of the eye in seven comprehensive books. His reinstatement of the entire science of optics sets the scene for the whole of the subsequent development of the subject, both within the Islamicate realm and, through a twelfth–thirteenth-century translation, in the Western world, influencing figures such as William of Ockham, Kepler, Descartes, and Christaan Huygens.

The immense work of editing, translating into English, and commenting on this work was undertaken by Abdelhamid I. Sabra. This English translation of Books IV–V – a study of reflection and refraction of light and of vision produced by reflected and refracted rays – was completed by Sabra with an introduction and critical analysis before his death in 2013, and has been prepared for publication by Jan Hogendijk.

Introduction

English translation of Optics Book IV

English translation of Optics Book V

Analytical Index: Books IV and V

Arabic-English Glossary

Concordance between (the English translations of) the Arabic and medieval Latin versions of Books IV and V of the Optics

Table of Sources of the Geometrical Diagrams in Book V

Errata to the Arabic edition of Books IV and V